Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, located in southwestern Uganda, is the country’s smallest national park yet one of its most unique. Established in 1991, it spans an area of 33.9 km² (13.1 sq mi) and offers breathtaking landscapes and incredible biodiversity.

Geography

The park is situated in the iconic Virunga Mountains, encompassing three dormant volcanoes: Mount Muhabura, Mount Gahinga, and Mount Sabyinyo.

• Altitude: Ranges from 2,227 to 4,127 meters (7,306 to 13,540 feet).
• It forms part of the Nile River watershed and is contiguous with Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• Accessibility: Mgahinga is located about 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Kisoro town and approximately 55 km (34 mi) west of Kabale.

Climate

The region experiences two rainy seasons:

• February–May and September–December.
• Monthly rainfall varies significantly, from 250 mm (9.8 in) in October to as low as 10 mm (0.39 in) in July.

Biodiversity

Mgahinga features diverse habitats, including:

• Bamboo forests
• Albertine Rift montane forests
• Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands
• An alpine zone at higher altitudes.

Wildlife

• Mountain Gorillas: The park is home to approximately 30 mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), including one habituated group for tourism.
• Golden Monkeys: This Albertine Rift endemic species (Cercopithecus kandti) is another highlight, with its range now limited to the Virungas and a forest in Rwanda.
• Mammals: The park hosts 76 mammal species, including:
  • Black-and-white colobus monkeys
  • Leopards
  • African bush elephants
  • Buffalo
  • Giant forest hogs
  • Bushpigs
  • Black-fronted duikers
• Birdlife: Birders can find 184 bird species, including Albertine Rift endemics such as:
  • Rwenzori turaco
  • Dusky crimson-wing
  • Red-throated alethe
  • Regal sunbird

Tourism

Despite being Uganda’s smallest park, Mgahinga offers a variety of exciting activities:

1. Gorilla Tracking
2. Golden Monkey Tracking
3. Volcano Hiking
4. Nature Walks (e.g., to the gorge platform)
5. Bird Watching
6. Cultural Encounters: Visit the Batwa pygmy community and learn about their traditions.

• Accessibility:
  • Road: A 9-hour drive from Kampala.
  • Air: Daily domestic flights connect Entebbe International Airport to Kisoro via Kihihi Airstrip.

History

• Pre-1991: The area served as a game reserve from the 1930s to the 1950s but was later partially converted to farmland.
• Park Establishment: In 1991, the national park was officially gazetted. Conservation efforts included biological surveys, removing wire traps, reforestation, and relocating settlers outside the park.
• Notable Event: In November 2013, the M23 rebel group surrendered in Mgahinga after their defeat in the M23 rebellion.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, with its unique volcanic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural significance, is a hidden gem for adventure and eco-tourism enthusiasts. It serves as a vital component of the larger Virunga Conservation Area, protecting endangered species and preserving the natural beauty of the Albertine Rift.